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Computed Tomography (CT or CAT) Scan of the Abdomen (Abdominal CT Scan) Procedure Overview Computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a noninvasive diagnostic imaging procedure that uses a combination of x-rays and computer technology to produce cross-sectional images (often called slices), both horizontally and vertically, of the body. A CT scan shows detailed images of any part of the body, including the bones, muscles, fat, organs, and blood vessels. CT scans are more detailed than standard x-rays. In s...

Computed Tomography (CT or CAT) Scan of the Liver and Biliary Tract (CT Scan of the Liver, Biliary Tract, Pancreas, Spleen, and Gallbladder) Procedure Overview What is a CT or CAT scan of the liver and biliary tract? Computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a noninvasive diagnostic imaging procedure that uses a combination of x-rays and computer technology to produce cross-sectional images (often called slices), both horizontally and vertically, of the body. A CT scan shows detailed images of any part of...

Gallbladder Scan (Cholescintigraphy, Liver-Biliary Scan, Hepatobiliary Iminodiacetic Acid [HIDA], Gallbladder Radionuclide Scan) Procedure Overview What is a gallbladder scan? A gallbladder scan is a specialized radiology procedure used to assess the function and structure of the gallbladder. This procedure may also be referred to as a liver-biliary scan because the liver often is examined as well due to its proximity and close functional relationship to the gallbladder. A gallbladder scan is a type of ...

Abdominal Ultrasound (Abdominal Ultrasonography, Abdominal Sonography, Abdominal Echography) Procedure Overview An abdominal ultrasound is a noninvasive (the skin is not pierced) procedure used to assess the organs and structures within the abdomen, such as the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, bile ducts, spleen, and abdominal aorta. Ultrasound technology allows quick visualization of the abdominal organs and structures from outside the body. Ultrasound may also be used to assess blood flow to abdominal or...

Abdominal X-rays (Flat Plate of the Abdomen, Abdominal Radiography, KUB [Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder] X-ray) Procedure Overview X-rays use invisible electromagnetic energy beams to produce images of internal tissues, bones, and organs on film. Standard x-rays are performed for many reasons, including diagnosing tumors or bone injuries. X-rays are made by using external radiation to produce images of the body, its organs, and other internal structures for diagnostic purposes. X-rays pass through body tissu...

Bone Marrow Biopsy (Biopsy-Bone Marrow, Bone Marrow Aspiration and Biopsy) Procedure Overview What is a bone marrow biopsy? In the center of most large bones there is a soft tissue (called bone marrow) that makes about 95 percent of the body's blood cells. The marrow is a network of tissue that contains immature blood cells in an organized structure. Red bone marrow is the active portion that produces red blood cells, while yellow bone marrow contains fat cells. In adults the red bone marrow is located ...

Lumbar Puncture (LP) (Spinal Tap, Spinal Puncture, CSF Collection) Procedure Overview What is a lumbar puncture? A lumbar puncture (LP), also known as a spinal tap, is a diagnostic and/or therapeutic procedure performed by a physician. The procedure is performed by inserting a hollow needle into the subarachnoid space in the lumbar area (lower back) of the spinal column. The subarachnoid space is the canal in the spinal column that carries cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) between the brain and the spinal cord....

Positron Emission Tomography (PET Scan) (PET Imaging) Procedure Overview What is positron emission tomography (PET)? Positron emission tomography (PET) is a specialized radiology procedure used to examine various body tissues to identify certain conditions. PET may also be used to follow the progress of the treatment of certain conditions. While PET is most commonly used in the fields of neurology, oncology, and cardiology, applications in other fields are currently being studied. PET is a type of nucle...

Bone Marrow To learn more about the intricate process of bone marrow transplantation, it is important to first learn about the blood and its components. Listed in the directory below you will find additional information regarding the anatomy of blood and bone marrow transplantation, for which we have provided a brief overview. Overview of Blood and Blood Components Bone Marrow Transplantation

Bone Marrow Transplantation in Children What is a bone marrow transplantation? Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is a special therapy for patients with certain cancers or other diseases. A bone marrow transplant involves taking cells that are normally found in the bone marrow (stem cells), filtering those cells, and giving them back either to the patient they were taken from or to another person. The goal of BMT is to transfuse healthy bone marrow cells into a person after his or her own unhealthy bone ...

About Cancer Cancer is a complex illness that requires clinical care by a physician or other healthcare professional. Listed in the directory below is some general information about cancer, for which we have provided a brief overview. Cancer Overview Causes of Cancer Diagnosing Cancer Treatment for Cancer Alternative Therapy for Cancer Pain Management Nutritional Requirements for a Child With Cancer High-Calorie / High-Protein Diet Clinical Trials and Cancer Questions to Ask Your Child's Physician Copin...

Alternative Therapy for Cancer What is alternative therapy? Alternative therapy (or alternative medication) is a non-conventional approach to healing. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) are usually discussed together, but are actually two different therapy approaches: complementary medicine - any form of therapy used in combination with other alternative treatments or standard/conventional medicine. Complementary therapy usually serves to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life. alternati...

Bone Cancers in Children There are several types of bone cancer in children that require clinical care by a physician or other healthcare professional. Listed below are some, for which we have provided a brief overview. Osteogenic Sarcoma Ewing Sarcoma

Brain Tumors in Children What is a brain tumor? Brain tumors are the most common solid tumors in children. Approximately 3,800 children and adolescents in the US are diagnosed with primary brain tumors each year. Primary brain tumors start in the brain and generally do not spread outside the brain tissue. Most central nervous system cancers are brain tumors. Brain tumors, either malignant or benign, are tumors that originate in the cells of the brain. A tumor is an abnormal growth of tissue. A benign tu...

Cancer Overview What is cancer? Cancer is an abnormal growth of cells. Cancer cells rapidly reproduce despite restriction of space, nutrients shared by other cells, or signals sent from the body to stop reproduction. Cancer cells are often shaped differently from healthy cells, they do not function properly, and they can spread to many areas of the body. Tumors, abnormal growth of tissue, are clusters of cells that are capable of growing and dividing uncontrollably; their growth is not regulated. Oncolo...

Causes of Cancer What causes cancer? There is no one single cause for cancer. Scientists believe that it is the interaction of many factors together that produces cancer. The factors involved may be genetic, environmental, or constitutional characteristics of the individual. Diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis for childhood cancers are different than for adult cancers. The main differences are the survival rate and the cause of the cancer. The survival rate for childhood cancer is about 79 percent, whil...

Chemotherapy for Children What is chemotherapy? Chemotherapy is the use of anticancer drugs to treat cancerous cells. Chemotherapy has been used for many years and is one of the most common treatments for cancer. In most cases, chemotherapy works by interfering with the cancer cell's ability to grow or reproduce. Different groups of drugs work in different ways to fight cancer cells. Chemotherapy may be used alone for some types of cancer or in combination with other treatments such as radiation or surg...

Chemotherapy for Children: Side Effects Chemotherapy is one form of treatment for cancer, with some possible side effects that require clinical care by a physician or other healthcare professional. Listed in the directory below are some common side effects of chemotherapy, for which we have provided a brief overview. Chemotherapy Overview Managing Alopecia Managing Mucositis Managing Bone Marrow Suppression

Coping With the Diagnosis Learning that your child has cancer usually gives parents a feeling of their world being turned upside down. Everything in their life may suddenly feel out of control. This is because you did not choose for your child to have cancer. Your initial thoughts may be "How could this have happened to my child?" and "How will we get through this?" A cancer diagnosis is shocking and overwhelming. However, prognosis of childhood cancer continues to improve, and the chance of being cured...

Diagnosing Cancer How is cancer diagnosed? Unfortunately, there is no single test that can accurately diagnose cancer. A large number of tests are necessary to determine whether a person has cancer, or if another condition (such as an infection) is mimicking the symptoms of cancer. Sometimes, it is necessary to repeat testing if the child's condition changes, if a sample collected was not of good quality, or an abnormal test result needs to be confirmed. The correct diagnosis is necessary in order to de...

Ewing Sarcoma What is Ewing sarcoma? Ewing sarcoma is a cancer that occurs primarily in the bone or soft tissue. Ewing sarcoma can occur in any bone, but it most often it is found in the long bones such as the femur (thigh), tibia (shin), or humerus (upper arm). It can involve the muscle and the soft tissues around the tumor site as well. Ewing sarcoma cells can also spread (metastasize) to other areas of the body including the bone marrow, lungs, kidneys, heart, adrenal gland, and other soft tissues. E...

Germ Cell Tumors What are germ cell tumors? Germ cells tumors are malignant (cancerous) or non-malignant (benign, non-cancerous) tumors that are comprised mostly of germ cells. Germ cells are the cells that develop in the embryo (fetus, or unborn baby) and become the cells that make up the reproductive system in males and females. These germ cells follow a midline path through the body after development and descend into the pelvis as ovarian cells or into the scrotal sac as testicular cells. Most ovaria...

Glossary - Oncology | A | | B | | C | | D | | E | | F | | G | | H | | I | | J | | K | | L | | M | | N | | O | | P | | Q | | R | | S | | T | | U | | V | | W | | X | | Y | | Z | A [back to top] acute - severe; sharp; begins quickly. acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) - a rapidly progressing cancer of the blood in which too many immature (not fully formed) lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, are found in the bone marrow, blood, spleen, liver, and other organs. acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) - a rapidl...

Hepatoblastoma What is hepatoblastoma? Hepatoblastoma is a very rare cancerous tumor that originates in the liver. The liver is one of the largest organs in the body. The primary functions of the liver include filtering and storing blood. The liver consists of right and left lobes. Most hepatoblastoma tumors originate in the right lobe. This disease primarily affects children from infancy to about 3 years of age. Hepatoblastoma cancer cells can spread (metastasize) to other areas of the body. The most c...

High-Calorie / High-Protein Diet Good nutrition is very important for children being treated for cancer. Children with cancer often have poor appetites. Also, side effects from medications may make the body not tolerate foods well. This can contribute to poor nutrition and poor growth. If a child with cancer maintains adequate nutrition, then he/she may be more likely to: better tolerate chemotherapy or radiation and experience fewer side effects. heal. grow and develop. maximize quality of life. Childr...

Hodgkin's Lymphoma What is Hodgkin lymphoma? Hodgkin lymphoma is a type of cancer in the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system is part of the immune system and functions to fight disease and infections. The lymphatic system includes the following: lymph - fluid containing lymphocyte cells. lymph vessels - thin tubes that carry lymph fluid throughout the body. lymphocytes - white blood cells that fight infection and disease. lymph nodes - bean-shaped organs, found in the underarm, groin, neck, chest, ab...

Topic Index About Cancer Chemotherapy Bone Marrow Transplant Leukemia Wilms Tumor Hodgkin Lymphoma Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Osteogenic Sarcoma Ewing Sarcoma Neuroblastoma Rhabdomyosarcoma Retinoblastoma Brain Tumors Hepatoblastoma Germ Cell Tumors Glossary Although childhood cancer is rare, about 9,000 children under the age of 15 will be diagnosed with cancer this year, according to the American Cancer Society. Oncology, the study of cancer and tumors, has made significant progress in the prevention, treat...

Managing Alopecia What causes alopecia? Alopecia, or hair loss, is a very common side effect of most forms of chemotherapy. Hair loss occurs as a result of the chemotherapy agents penetrating the hair follicle, causing the hair shaft to break at the root. Hair is lost not only from the head, but eyebrows, eyelashes, facial, and pubic hair is also lost. Depending on the age and sex of the child, this can be a very distressing side effect of chemotherapy. Younger children may not be bothered by hair loss,...

Managing Bone Marrow Suppression What is bone marrow suppression? Nearly all chemotherapy agents cause a reduction of blood cell counts. When this reduction occurs it varies, according to which agents are used for your child's treatment. Red blood cells that carry oxygen, white blood cells that fight infection, and platelets that control bleeding are usually lowered with chemotherapy use. Risk for anemia, fatigue, infection, and bleeding are increased with bone marrow suppression. Common terms that you ...

Managing Mucositis What is mucositis? Mucositis is the swelling, irritation, and ulceration of the mucosal cells that line the digestive tract. Mucositis can occur anywhere along the digestive tract from the mouth to the anus. It can be a very troublesome and painful side effect of chemotherapy. Anticipating mucositis may help to manage some of the symptoms. What causes mucositis? The cells that line the digestive tract are rapidly producing. In other words, the life span of these cells is very short co...

Neuroblastoma What is neuroblastoma? Neuroblastoma is a cancerous tumor that begins in nerve tissue of infants and very young children. The abnormal cells are often found in the nerve tissue that is present in the unborn baby and later develops into a detectable tumor. Neuroblastoma is rare in children older than 10 years of age, however, it does occur occasionally in adults. The tumor usually begins in the tissues of the adrenal gland found in the abdomen, but may also begin in nerve tissue in the neck...

Nutritional Requirements for a Child With Cancer The importance of good nutrition: Good nutrition is very important for children being treated for cancer. Children with cancer often have poor appetites due to one, or more, of the following: the hospital environment side effects of chemotherapy and/or radiation depression changes in the cells of the mouth which may alter the way food tastes side effects from medications inadequate absorption of calories, vomiting, and diarrhea Poor nutrition contributes ...

Online Resources - Oncology This Web was compiled from a variety of sources including the online resources listed below, but is not intended to substitute or replace the professional medical advice you receive from your child's physician. The content provided here is for informational purposes only, and was not designed to diagnose or treat a health problem or disease. Please consult your child's physician with any questions or concerns you may have regarding your condition. This page contains links to ...

Osteosarcoma What is osteosarcoma? Osteosarcoma is the most common type of bone cancer among children, adolescents, and young adults. The disease usually occurs in the long bones, such as the arms (humerus), legs (femur/tibia), and pelvis. It rarely occurs in the jaw and fingers. It most often occurs at the ends of bones near growth plates, especially around the knees. Osteosarcoma cancer cells can also spread (metastasize) to other areas of the body. Most commonly, these cells spread to the lungs. Howe...

Pain Management and Children What are the causes and effects of pain? Pain management is an important concern for a child with cancer. When a child has cancer, one of his/her greatest fears is pain. Every effort should be made to ease the pain during the treatment process. Pain is a sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony. Because pain is unique to each individual, a child's pain cannot be evaluated by anyone else. Pain may be acute or chronic. Acute pain is severe and lasts a relatively short time....

Questions to Ask Your Child's Physician No parent wants to see his/her child suffer. A diagnosis of cancer in a child is one of the most devastating events in a parent's life. One of the best coping mechanisms is to be informed. Cancer is extremely complex and difficult to understand. It is important to ask as many questions as necessary - to be completely clear about the diagnosis and what to expect, and to understand why certain tests are being done. Parents are entitled to a clear explanation about a...

Retinoblastoma What is retinoblastoma? Retinoblastoma is a rare cancer of the retina (the innermost layer of the eye, located at the back of the eye, that receives light and images necessary for vision). About 250 children will be diagnosed with retinoblastoma this year. It accounts for 3 percent of childhood cancers. Click Image to Enlarge What causes retinoblastoma? Retinoblastoma occurs due to mutations in a tumor suppressor gene (called RB1) located on chromosome #13. Two mutations (or gene changes)...

Rhabdomyosarcoma What is rhabdomyosarcoma? Rhabdomyosarcoma is a cancerous tumor that originates in the soft tissues of the body, including the muscles, tendons, and connective tissues. The most common sites for this tumor to be found include the head, neck, bladder, vagina, arms, legs, and trunk. Rhabdomyosarcoma can also be found in places where skeletal muscles are absent or very small, such as in the prostate, middle ear, and bile duct system. The cancer cells associated with this disease can spread...

Topic Index - Oncology Oncology Home About Cancer Cancer Overview Causes of Cancer Diagnosing Cancer Treatment for Cancer Alternative Therapy for Cancer Pain Management Nutritional Requirements for a Child With Cancer High-Calorie / High-Protein Diet Clinical Trials and Cancer Questions to Ask Your Child's Physician Coping With the Diagnosis Chemotherapy Chemotherapy Overview Managing Alopecia Managing Mucositis Managing Bone Marrow Suppression Bone Marrow Transplant Leukemia Wilms Tumor Hodgkin Lymphom...

Treatment for Cancer How is cancer treated? The group of healthcare professionals who work together to find, treat, and care for people with cancer is called the "cancer care team." The cancer care team may include any or all of the following healthcare providers, in addition to others: primary care physicians pediatricians pathologists hematologists oncology specialists (medical oncologist, radiation oncologist, surgical oncologist) surgeons (including surgical specialists such as urologists, gynecolog...

Wilms Tumor What is Wilms tumor? Wilms tumor, also called nephroblastoma, is a malignant (cancerous) tumor originating in the cells of the kidney. It is the most common type of renal (kidney) cancer in children and accounts for about 5 percent of all childhood cancers. Approximately 500 children in the US are diagnosed with Wilms tumor each year. The disease can occur at any age between infancy and 15 years, but in most cases, the tumor is detected by the age of 3. It is slightly more common among girls...

Leukemia What is leukemia? Leukemia is cancer of the blood and develops in the bone marrow. The bone marrow is the soft, spongy center of certain bones that produces the three major blood cells: white blood cells to fight infection; red blood cells that carry oxygen; and platelets that help with blood clotting and stop bleeding. When a child has leukemia, the bone marrow, for an unknown reason, begins to make white blood cells that do not mature correctly, but continue to reproduce themselves. Normal, h...

Hodgkin Lymphoma What is Hodgkin lymphoma? Hodgkin lymphoma is a type of cancer in the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system is part of the immune system and functions to fight disease and infections. The lymphatic system includes the following: lymph - fluid containing lymphocyte cells. lymph vessels - thin tubes that carry lymph fluid throughout the body. lymphocytes - white blood cells that fight infection and disease. lymph nodes - bean-shaped organs, found in the underarm, groin, neck, chest, abdo...

Skin Cancer in Children What is skin cancer? Skin cancer is a malignant tumor that grows in the skin cells. In the US alone, more than 1 million Americans will be diagnosed in 2009 with nonmelanoma skin cancer, and 68,720 will be diagnosed with melanoma, according to the American Cancer Society. Fortunately, skin cancers (basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma) are rare in children. When melanomas occur, they usually arise from pigmented nevi (moles) that are large (diameter grea...

Treatment for Skin Cancer in Children What are the treatments for skin cancer? Specific treatment for skin cancer will be determined by your child's physician based on: your child's overall health and medical history extent and type of the disease your tolerance for specific medications, procedures, or therapies expectations for the course of the disease your opinion or preference There are several kinds of treatments for skin cancer: surgery Surgery is a common treatment for skin cancer. It is used in ...

Oral Cancer and Tobacco What is the link between tobacco and oral cancer? Tobacco use is known as a major risk factor for oral and other cancers. All tobacco products, including cigarettes, cigars, pipe tobacco, chewing tobacco, and snuff, contain toxins (poisonous substances), carcinogens (cancer-causing agents), and nicotine (an addictive substance). Each tobacco product is linked to an increased risk for specific cancers: Cigarettes Cigarettes, the most common form of tobacco used, cause 87 percent o...

Breast Cancer in Men Statistics regarding men and breast cancer: Breast cancer in men is rare - less than 1 percent of all breast carcinomas occur in men. Consider the latest statistics available from the American Cancer Society: The American Cancer Society estimates that in 2008 about 1,990 new cases of invasive breast cancer will be diagnosed among men in the US. Breast cancer is about 100 times more common among women. Estimates for 2008 also indicate that there will be more than 40,910 deaths from b...

Oral Cancer What is oral cancer? Oral cancer is cancer found in the oral cavity (the mouth area) and the oropharynx (the throat area at the back of the mouth). Oral cancer is estimated to be diagnosed in almost 36,720 US adults in 2009, according to the American Cancer Society. The oral cavity includes: the lips, teeth, and gums the front two-thirds of the tongue the lining inside the lips and cheeks (buccal mucosa) the floor of the mouth (under the tongue) the top of the mouth (hard palate) the small a...

Testicular Cancer What are the testicles? The testicles are the male sex glands and are part of the male reproductive system. Testicles are also called testes or gonads. They are located behind the penis in a pouch of skin called the scrotum. The testicles produce sperm and several male hormones, including testosterone. The hormones control the development of the reproductive organs, as well as other male characteristics - body and facial hair, low voice, and wide shoulders. What is testicular cancer? C...

Laryngeal Cancer (Cancer of the Larynx) What is laryngeal cancer? Laryngeal cancer includes cancerous cells found in any part of the larynx - the glottis, the supraglottis, or the subglottis. The larynx, often referred to as the voice box, is a two-inch long tube-shaped organ located in the neck at the top of the trachea (windpipe). The cartilage in front of the larynx is sometimes called the "Adam's apple." The vocal cords (or vocal folds) are two bands of muscle that form a "V" shape inside the larynx...

Thyroid Tumors What are thyroid tumors? The thyroid gland is located in the front of the neck at the base of the throat. Thyroid tumors are either benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous) growths. Examples of benign tumors are adenomas, which secrete thyroid hormone. Malignant tumors are more rare and are more common in women than in men. According to the American Cancer Society (ACS), about 37,340 cases of thyroid cancer will be diagnosed in the US in 2008. What are thyroid adenomas? Thyroid aden...

About Breast Cancer in Men Statistics regarding men and breast cancer: Breast cancer in men is rare - less than 1 percent of all breast carcinomas occur in men. Consider the latest statistics available from the American Cancer Society: The American Cancer Society estimates that in 2009 some 1,910 new cases of invasive breast cancer will be diagnosed among men in the US. Breast cancer is about 100 times more common among women. Estimates for 2009 also indicate that there will be more than 40,610 deaths f...

Hodgkin Disease What is Hodgkin disease? Hodgkin disease is a type of lymphoma, a cancer in the lymphatic system. The American Cancer Society estimates that in 2009 about 8,510 new cases will be diagnosed. About 10 percent to 15 percent of cases are found in children 16 years old and teenagers. Hodgkin disease causes the cells in the lymphatic system to abnormally reproduce, eventually making the body less able to fight infection. Hodgkin disease cells can also spread to other organs. What are the sympt...

Leukemia Index There are several types of leukemias that require clinical care by a physician or other healthcare professional. Listed in the directory below are some, for which we have provided a brief overview. Overview of Leukemias Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

Lymphomas There are many types of lymphomas that require clinical care by a physician or other healthcare professional. Listed in the directory below are some, for which we have provided a brief overview. Hodgkin Disease Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma What is non-Hodgkin lymphoma? Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a cancer in the lymphatic system. The American Cancer Society estimates that there will be 65, 980 new cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in 2009. NHL is the third most common cancer in childhood. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma causes the cells in the lymphatic system to abnormally reproduce, eventually causing tumors to grow. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma cells can also spread to other organs. There are several types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, which are ...

Online Resources - Hematology and Blood Disorders This Web was compiled from a variety of sources including the online resources listed below, but is not intended to substitute or replace the professional medical advice you receive from your physician. The content provided here is for informational purposes only, and was not designed to diagnose or treat a health problem or disease. Please consult your physician with any questions or concerns you may have regarding your condition. This page contains lin...

Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia What is acute lymphocytic leukemia? Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is a cancer of the blood in which too many lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, are produced by the bone marrow and by organs of the lymph system. Normally, the lymphocytes fight infection. But, in ALL, the cells are immature and overabundant. They crowd out other blood cells, and may collect in the blood, bone marrow, and lymph tissue. Acute leukemia can occur over a short period of days to weeks. Chromo...

Acute Myelogenous Leukemia What is acute myelogenous leukemia? Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is a cancer of the blood usually in which too many granulocytes, a type of white blood cell, are produced in the bone marrow. Normally, bone marrow cells mature into several different types of blood cells. Acute myelogenous leukemia usually affects the young blood cells (called blasts) that develop into a type of white blood cell (called granulocytes). The main function of granulocytes is to destroy bacteria....

Blood Disorders There are many Hematology & Blood Disorders that require clinical care by a physician or other healthcare professional. Listed in the directory below are some, for which we have provided a brief overview. If you cannot find the information in which you are interested, please visit the Hematology & Blood Disorders Online Resources page in this website for an Internet/World Wide Web address that may contain additional information on that topic. Anemias Thalassemias Bleeding / Clott...