Allergen: Insect Stings

Insect stings that most commonly cause allergic reactions:

Insects that are members of the Hymenoptera family most commonly cause allergic reactions. These include:

• bees

• wasps

• hornets

• yellow jackets

• fire ants

Allergic reactions to insect stings:

Usually, the reaction is short-lived, with redness and swelling followed by pain and itching. Generally, the reaction lasts only a few hours, although some may last longer.

For other people, however, allergic reactions to these insect stings can be life threatening. This severe reaction is a medical emergency that can involve organ systems throughout the body. The reaction is called anaphylaxis and can include severe symptoms such as:

• itching and hives over most of the body

• swelling of the throat and tongue

• difficulty in breathing and tightness in the chest

• dizziness

• headache

• stomach cramps, nausea, or diarrhea

• rapid fall in blood pressure

• shock

• loss of consciousness

• hoarse voice or swelling of the tongue

Immediate medical attention is required.

Can insect stings be prevented?

Avoidance of insects is the best preventive measure. Suggestions include:

• When outdoors, be careful of eating or drinking uncovered foods or beverages, which can attract insects.

• Avoid going barefoot, and wear closed-toe shoes when walking in grassy areas.

• When gardening, watch for nests in trees, shrubs, and flower beds.

• Other areas in which to use caution: swimming pools, woodpiles, under eaves of houses, trash containers.

Treatment for insect stings:

Specific treatment for insect stings will be determined by your physician based on:

• your age, overall health, and medical history

• extent of the reaction

• your tolerance for specific medications, procedures, or therapies

• expectations for the course of the reaction

• your opinion or preference

Suggestions for immediate treatment for highly-allergic people, according to the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, include:

• When possible, immediately remove stinger, and scrape over the area with a fingernail. However, do not squeeze the area, which may force the venom into the body.

• An emergency treatment kit should be kept nearby at all times. Talk with your physician about what it should include.

• Seek emergency care as soon as possible.