Citrulline

Other Name(s):

a-amino-d-ureido-n-valeric acid

Unsubstantiated Claims:

Please note that this section reports on claims that have NOT yet been substantiated through scientific studies.

Besides removing ammonia from the body, citrulline is believed to stimulate the immune system and increase energy level.

Recommended Intake:

Amino acids (AAs) are available as individual AAs or in proprietary AA combinations, as well as part of multi-vitamin formulas, proteins and food supplements. The forms include tablets, fluids and powders. However, adequate protein in the diet should provide a sufficient source of all amino acids.

There are no conditions that increase the requirements for citrulline.

Side Effects, Toxicity and Interactions:

The use of a single amino acid supplement may lead to negative nitrogen balance, decreasing the metabolic efficiency and increasing the workload of the kidneys. In children, taking single amino acid supplements may also harmfully affect growth parameters.

Always avoid taking individual amino acids in high dosage for prolonged periods.

Women who are pregnant or breast-feeding should not use citrulline supplements.

Additional Information:

Click here for a list of reputable Web sites with general information on nutrition.

References:

1. Weast RC, Astle MJ, Beyer WH, eds. Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 65th ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, Inc.; 1984.

2. Lide DR, Frederikse HPR, eds. Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 75th ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, Inc.; 1994.

3. Murray RK, Granner DK, Mayes PA, Rodwell VW. Harper's Biochemistry. 25th ed. Stamford, CT: Appleton & Lange; 2000.

4. Meisenberg G, Simmons WH. Principles of Medical Biochemistry. Mosby Pub. Co.; 1998.

5. Styer L. Biochemistry. 4th ed. W.H. Freeman & Co.; 1995.

6. Montgomery R, Conway TW, Spector AA, Chappell D. Biochemistry: A Case-Oriented Approach. 6th ed. Mosby Pub. Co.; 1996.